We identify current challenges for creating stable, yet efficient financial systems using lessons from recent and past crises. Reforms need to start from three

Staff Discussion Notes showcase the latest policy-related analysis and research being developed by individual IMF staff and are published to elicit comment and

Financial crises are traditionally analyzed as purely economic phenomena. The political economy of financial booms and busts remains both under-emphasized and l

The 2008 financial crisis led the whole world to ask questions of the financial industry. Why are wages in the financial industry so high? Are bonuses responsib

The European economy is emerging from its deepest recession since the 1930s. This volume, which brings together economic analysis from the European Commission s