European criminal law is explained as a multi-level field of law, in which the European Union has a normative influence on substantive criminal law, criminal pr

Although Article 23(5) of EU Regulation 1/2003 provides that competition law fines ‘shall not be of a criminal law nature’, this has not prevented certain c

. . . this book fills a significant gap in the English-language literature and must be read by all who seek to understand why profound reflection is needed on t

EU Criminal Law is perhaps the fastest-growing area of EU law. It is also one of the most contested fields of EU action, covering measures which have a signific

This book takes stock of the development of criminal law in the context of the EC and the EU, and examines whether this has led to a European criminal policy, a