This study provides the opportunity to compare the hiring and employment practices, within the context of local conditions, as they exist in five major ports. I

Workers who loaded and unloaded ships have formed a distinctive occupational group over the past two centuries. As trade expanded so the numbers of dock laboure

Port cities have distinctive global dynamics, with long histories of casual labour, large migrant communities, and international trade networks. This in-depth c

The advance of trade unionism in the early 20th century to a dominant place in the American economy brought a major change in the life of the nation. This is th