Neutralization and focusing of intense charged particle beam pulses by electrons forms the basis for a wide range of applications to high energy accelerators an

Neutralization and focusing of intense charged particle beam pulses by a background plasma forms the basis for a wide range of applications to high energy accel

An intense charged particle beam can be characterized as an organized charged particle flow for which the effects of beam self-fields are of major importance in

The collective focusing concept in which a weak magnetic lens provides strong focusing of an intense ion beam pulse carrying a neutralizing electron background

Heavy ion fusion requires high power to be focussed onto a small pellet. If the reactor chamber pressure is below 10−4 to 10−5 Torr, beam compression will b