By the early ninth century, the responsibility for a series of social, religious and political reforms had become an integral part of running the Carolingian em

This book offers new interpretations of contemporary theories of correctio, and shows the self-awareness of its main instigators as they pondered what it meant

The Carolingian period (c. 750-900) has traditionally been described as one of ‘reform’ or ‘renaissance’, where cultural and intellectual changes were i

This collection of studies investigates how people of the 10th to early 12th century experienced and represented processes of intentional change in the Church,

In early medieval Europe, unwanted plants that persistently appeared among crops created extra work, reduced productivity, and challenged theologians who believ