Every five years from 1955 to 1985, mass Czechoslovak gymnastic demonstrations and sporting parades called Spartakiads were held to mark the 1945 liberation of

This volume focuses on the modernist and avant-garde engagement with workers’ sport events that were organised or were planned to be organised in the cities o

From its very inception the Soviet state valued the merits and benefits of physical culture, which included not only sport but also health, hygiene, education,

This multivolume set is much more than a collection of essays on sports and sporting cultures from around the world: it also details how and why sports are play

Sport and physical education represent important components of German national life, from school and community participation, to elite, international level spor