In December 1235, Pope Gregory IX altered the mission of a crusade he had begun to preach the year before. Instead of calling for Christian magnates to go on to

Sir Thomas, Hero of Arsuf, rides to war again! When a king asks a baron to go on crusade it is an order, not a request and, as such, is not to be ignored. The E

Introduction: Crusade and Christendom, 1187-1291 -- The Pope, Crusades, and Communities, 1198-1213 -- Crusade and Council, 1213-1215 -- The Fifth Crusade, 1213-