The story of a pivotal moment in modern world history, when representative democracy became a political option for Arabs - and how the West denied the opportuni

When Europe's Great War engulfed the Ottoman Empire, Arab nationalists rose in revolt against their Turkish rulers and allied with the British on the promise of

First, a colonial welfare state emerged by World War II that recognized social rights of citizens to health, education, and labor protection.

The Arab Spring promised to end dictatorship and bring self-government to people across the Middle East. Yet everywhere except Tunisia it led to either renewed

As the referendum becomes a more regular component of decision making, it leaves few, if any, institutions, processes and values of democracy untouched. Politic